Multiphoton Fluorescence Excitation

Review Articles

• Introduction

  Multiphoton microscopy is a research tool that combines the optical techniques of laser scanning microscopy with long wavelength multiphoton fluorescence excitation to capture three-dimensional images of specimens.

• Laser Fundamentals

  Explore the fundamentals of lasers and how basic laser systems operate through stimulated emission, and how they are designed to amplify this form of light to create intense and focused beams.

• Laser Systems for Optical Microscopy

  The lasers employed in optical microscopy are high-intensity monochromatic light sources, which are useful for a variety of techniques such as scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy.

Interactive Java Tutorials

• Multiphoton Jablonski Diagram

  Two-photon and three-photon excitation occurs as the result of simultaneous absorption of photons in an electronic transition event. Explore how fluorescence excitation events occur in multiphoton microscopy.

• Excitation Region Events

  Examine events occurring in the microscope focal region during specimen excitation using long wavelength visible and near-infrared laser illumination in this interactive java tutorial.

• Excitation Photobleaching Patterns

  Learn more as this interactive java tutorial compares excitation-induced photobleaching patterns that occur near the focal region in both multiphoton and confocal microscopy systems.

• Ti:Sapphire Mode-Locked Lasers

  Discover and examine the operation of Ti:sapphire lasers over a broad range of near-infrared wavelengths with variable pulse widths and an adjustable applet speed control in this tutorial.

• Nd:YLF Mode-Locked Pulsed Lasers

  Explore and uncover the operation of a Nd:YLF multi-pass slab laser side-pumped by two collimated diode-laser bars as the tutorial starts off with photons being generated within a Nd:YLF Crystal.

Selected Literature References and Glossary of Terms

• Selected Literature References

  Listed in this section are periodical location information, book references, as well as providing a listing of selected original research reports from this cutting-edge field of research.

• Multiphoton Resources on the Web

  Listed in this section are links to resources on the web for multiphoton microscopy including manufacturers, university laboratories, industrial imaging laboratories, technical white papers and tutorials.